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Bubble Sort Algorithm With Example

Bubble Sort: The algorithm works by comparing each item in the list with the item next to it, and swapping them if required. In other words, the largest element has bubbled to the top of the array. Bubble sorting is one of the simplest sorting algorithm that we can use to sort an array or a structure. The algorithm repeats this process until it makes a pass all the way through the list without swapping any items.

Note:- Since the algorithm is implemented with the help of 2 FOR loops only, it can be used as such for any programming languages like C/C++ or Java.

In this article you can find the Algorithm of bubble sort,Properties of bubble sort, discussion of bubble sort And at last example of bubble sort.

Bubble Sort Algorithm 

void bubbleSort(int ar[])
{
   for (int i = (ar.length - 1); i >= 0; i--)
   {
      for (int j = 1; j ≤ i; j++)
      {
         if (ar[j-1] > ar[j])
         {
              int temp = ar[j-1];
              ar[j-1] = ar[j];
              ar[j] = temp;
   } } } }

Bubble Sort Algorithm Properties: 

• Stable
• O(1) extra space
• O(n2) comparisons and swaps
• Adaptive: O(n) when nearly sorted

In the case of Bubble sort, the best case is when the array to be sorted is in the perfect order(in the sorted order).  The worst case of bubble sort is when we need to sort an array arranged in descending order to be sorted in ascending order or vice versa.

Bubble Sort Algorithm Discussion: 

Bubble sort has many of the same properties as insertion sort, but has slightly higher overhead. In the case of nearly sorted data, bubble sort takes O(n) time, but requires at least 2 passes through the data (whereas insertion sort requires something more like 1 pass).

Bubble Sort Algorithm Example:

Here is one step of the algorithm. The largest element - 7 - is bubbled to the top:

7, 5, 2, 4, 3, 9

5, 7, 2, 4, 3, 9

5, 2, 7, 4, 3, 9

5, 2, 4, 7, 3, 9

5, 2, 4, 3, 7, 9

5, 2, 4, 3, 7, 9

The worst-case runtime complexity is O(n2). See explanation below

Implementation Bubble Sort Algorithm in C++

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
void print_array(int array[], int size) {
 cout<< "buble sort steps: ";
 int j;
 for (j=0; j<size;j++)
 cout <<" "<< array[j];
 cout << endl;
}//end of print_array
 
void bubble_sort(int arr[], int size) {
 bool not_sorted = true;
 int j=1,tmp; 
 
 while (not_sorted)  {
 not_sorted = false;
 j++;
 for (int i = 0; i < size - j; i++) {
 if (arr[i] > arr[i + 1]) {
 tmp = arr[i];
 arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
 arr[i + 1] = tmp;
 not_sorted = true;
 
    }//end of if
   print_array(arr,5);
  }//end of for loop
 }//end of while loop
}//end of bubble_sort
 
int main() {
 int array[5]= {5,4,3,2,1};
 print_array(array,5);
 bubble_sort(array,5);
 return 0;
}//end of main

Implementation Bubble Sort Algorithm in C

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
 int i,n,temp,j,arr[25];

 printf("Enter the number of elements in the Array: ");
 scanf("%d",&n);
 printf("\nEnter the elements:\n\n");
 
 for(i=0 ; i<n ; i++)
 {
  printf(" Array[%d] = ",i);
  scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
 }
 
 for(i=0 ; i<n ; i++)
 {
  for(j=0 ; j<n-i-1 ; j++)
  {
   if(arr[j]>arr[j+1]) //Swapping Condition is Checked
   {
    temp=arr[j];
    arr[j]=arr[j+1];
    arr[j+1]=temp;
   }
  }
 }
 
 printf("\nThe Sorted Array is:\n\n");
 for(i=0 ; i<n ; i++)
 {
  printf(" %4d",arr[i]);
 }
 getch();
}

Output Screen: 

What If Programming Languages Were Superheros

It was a Wednesday afternoon and I started wondering if programming languages were superheroes who would they be?

Recommended: Top 10 Computer Programmers In The World History 

Introduction:

Programming languages all have their own distinctive style and odd character. Not surprisingly these unique set of traits tend to attract deviants that sometimes form a community who then hold conferences to talk about their deviant ways :)

Assembly Language(Hulk)

Assembly fights “close to the metal”, moving and shifting data around like no ones business. Like the Hulk its powers really has no limits. But it comes at a heavy cost, you have to do everything yourself. Power it seems is tied directly to its emotional state. There are no safety nets, the world is not made of rainbows and kittens. Assembly is a lone gun and will carry that heavy burden all day long. But be very careful and don’t make assembly angry, because when assembly gets angry it will scream “ASSEMBLY CRAAASH” and destroy your computer.

Python Language (Batman)

Saving a City from criminals is not easy, solving crimes created by evil geniuses requires a touch of elegance and sophistication. With a vast library just an import away, its not so much programming as merely expressing your will. Let python worry about the details for you. But Python has a dark past too, its real power can never be know, it’s character can never be made public. It hides itself as “just another scripting language, running on an VM interpreter hybrid wasting expensive CPU cycles..”

PHP Language(Joker)

Some minds are so twisted, so mangled they were never meant to be understood. Peering into PHP code, is looking directly into the abyss. But once you stare into the darkness that is PHP, the darkness stares back at you. Some say mixing all concerns (view, logic, mode) all in one place is madness, but maybe PHP is just ahead of the curve?


Also Read: Programming Contest #1 [ Fuzzyprograms ] Prize Money $5 Or 250Rs.

C++ Language(Robocop)

C in its original form, was a normal hardworking decent language. But a fateful accident with Object Oriented Programming and desire to make it faster, stronger, and harder resulted in C++. Yes C++ is super shiny but it also created things like protected abstract virtual base. If you can master this shiny machine then amazing power is yours to be commanded. However most just use the hardworking C side of C++.

Ruby Language(Ironman)

Ruby is advanced, its neurokinetic nanoparticle morphological language is were its power lies. Some say the original Ruby had humble beginnings, made in a cave by single man called Matz with nothing but simple tools. While it combines the best ideas from other languages it ends up just monkey patching it all together. Lately people say Ruby has become shallow and just a big “front”, this is sad because the new generation of kids conflate Ruby with the framework “Ruby On Rails”. The real question on everyones mind is can Ruby stand on its own without its web framework?

Java Language(Wolverine)

An old language, Java was born out from an age of suffering during the jurassic era of C and C++. Its a very verbose and heavy language, but the over engineering is by design (a design that only a committee of bowel movement architects could appreciate). If you want to lift heavy metal, steel or a suspension bridge Java will not let you down. Of course the downside is if you want to lift small light plastic things, Java will be of no use. Java believes that native languages like C and C++ are a disease and that managed languages are the next evolution. Java believes in a final war between native and managed languages as an inevitable clash.

Lisp Language(Professor Xavier)

Is code data or is data code? some say “it’s all in your RAM”. And as for language, do you really need syntax? When you look deep enough you will find that all languages are connected and can be expressed by an AST. Lisp’s simplicity and metacircular evaluator is nothing short of pure genius that is perhaps only comprehensible on another metaphysical plane of existence. Lisp wishes to promote the peaceful message that all data and code can co-exist, it stands in a neutral place where it believes it can create harmony by virtue of homoiconicity. Sadly not everyone understands or appreciates Lisp’s high virtues and instead run away in fear.

So what do you think? if your programming language was a superhero which character would it be?

Programming Contest #1 [ Fuzzyprograms ]

Fuzzyprograms is pleased to announce Programming Contest #1 for Engineering and MCA students. This is organized by Campus Connect team of Merit Campus and sponsored by Merit Campus Limited.

Fuzzyprograms is a platform for students of engineering colleges to prepare themselves to become smart professionals. This contest under Fuzzyprograms will encourage the spirit of competitiveness and accelerate learning through extra curricular activities, within the student community.

         To foster problem solving and algorithmic thinking abilities 

                                                                 Prove yourself to be a Smart Programmer! 
                                                      Here is the opportunity to demonstrate your programming skills. 
                                         Team up with your best friends and get ready for online Programming contest! 

Rules and Regulations – Programming Contest:

• Simply read the challenge, write out your solution, test it with the example data, and post your code as a comment to the programming challenge's thread. All languages are accepted!
• Make sure to explicitly write what language you are using (as this does make a big difference) and if you're looking for general feedback or for verification that your solution is correct.
• Judge by program accuracy.
• Only 1 WINNER. 
• Winner will we declare after 3 Days (11th July 2014 At 9:00PM)

Now, Here it is : Solve The Problem:

Problem 1: What will be the output of the program ? 

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
    int a[5] = {5, 1, 15, 20, 25};
    int i, j, m;
    i = ++a[1];
    j = a[1]++;
    m = a[i++];
    printf("%d, %d, %d", i, j, m);
    return 0;
}

Post your Answer in Comment Box With Explanation.


Problem 2: Difference Between delete and free() in C++ ?


Problem 3: Write a program to check whether the given string is a palindrome .

NOTE: Do not Use Inbuilt Function.

Your Answer Like This In Comment Box:

Answer 1: Output AND Explanation: XYZ.....

Answer 2: Explanation.

Answer 3: Your CODE. (DO NOT NEED TO EXPLAIN)

BEST OF LUCK !!!

FINAL WINNER IS Prateek Sethi  SEND YOUR E-MAIL (In Programart2014@gmail.com )

Program To Create a Loading Bar In C++

This topic explains how to use a progress bar to indicate the progress of a lengthy file-parsing operation.

Create a Progress Bar Control

Progress Bar

The following example code creates a progress bar and positions it along the bottom of the parent window's client area. The height of the progress bar is based on the height of the arrow bitmap used in a scroll bar. The range is based on the size of the file divided by 2,048, which is the size of each "chunk" of data that is read from the file. The example also sets an increment and advances the current position of the progress bar by the increment after parsing each chunk.

Source Code

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>

void main()
{
 int x=170,i,gdriver=DETECT,gmode;
 initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
 settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,HORIZ_DIR,2);
 outtextxy(170,180,"LOADING,PLEASE WAIT");

  for(i=0;i<300;++i)
 {
  delay(30);
  line(x,200,x,220);
  x++;
 }
 getch();
 closegraph();
}

This article is contributed Tarun Kumar. Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.

Amazing Graphics Programs in C/C++ Programming Language

Hola Coders,

It’s been a long time since Fuzzyprograms launched, but now I am going to create summary type posts, So that You’ll get more info in single post than ever !

I am sharing 5 Graphical programs here. I know that using Graphics.h seems like a crime in 2013 but, Schools and Colleges are still teaching this. ( Obviously, Learning anything never goes in vain )

My belief is that, this will be very useful to students.

1. Google Page Design

This program is submitted by : Ankit Kumar( ankit26kumar@gmail.com )

Isn’t it amazing ?

Source Code

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphic.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{clrscr();
int g=0,d;
initgraph(&g,&d,"c:\turboc3\bgi");
setbkcolor(15);
setcolor(1);
settextstyle(3,0,5);
outtextxy(190,140,"G");
setcolor(4);
settextstyle(3,0,5);
outtextxy(220,140,"O");
setcolor(3);
settextstyle(3,0,5);
outtextxy(250,140,"O");
setcolor(1);
settextstyle(3,0,5);
outtextxy(280,140,"G");
setcolor(2);
settextstyle(3,0,5);
outtextxy(310,140,"L");
setcolor(4);
settextstyle(3,0,5);
outtextxy(340,140,"E");
setcolor(1);
settextstyle(3,0,5);
setcolor(4);
settextstyle(1,0,2);
outtextxy(100,350,"SEARCH");
settextstyle(1,0,2);
outtextxy(380,350,"I'M FEELING LUCKY");
setcolor(8);
rectangle(140,200,480,230);
rectangle(93,350,183,380);
rectangle(370,350,580,380);
getch();
}

2. Taj Mahal Drawing

A Great Monument from India (Feeling proud). Excellent Program !

Download Source Code: Click Here

3. 3D Car Handling

I have no words for this one, Amazing Effects and Animation !

I recommend you all that you must Compile and Execute this one.

Download Source Code: Click Here

4. Flowerpot Design

I am not saying anything, Just Execute it and see the output.

Download Source Code: Click Here

5. Classic Car Game

Well, Yeah ! Everybody has played this game before, at least those who were born in 90′s. :D
It’s time to play again, then. (But also understand the code)

Info by Coder : This is a car race game, and i generated random cars in front of your car. you have to dodge all the cars. The control is highly sensitive, You have to make the move on time. I have used graphics to develop this game.

Download Source Code: Click Here

What do you think about this programs ? Any errors or queries ?
Share your comment below.

NOTE: You Can Also Share Your Program HERE.

[TopTalent.in] Interview with Prashanth from IIT Madras who landed a job at Microsoft, Redmond

Armed with a dual degree from IIT, Madras, and a very strong resume, Prashanth Srikanthan was destined to land a lucrative offer from one of the big recruiters. So when Microsoft came calling he converted his potential into a Rs 60 Lakh package as a Software Engineer. TopTalent.in brings you his opinions and advice about dealing with interviews. 

 Prashanth from IIT Madras 

TopTalent: How does it feel to be selected by Microsoft?

Prashanth: It felt good to be recognized for the effort put in. It was definitely a proud moment to be hired by a company with such a rich history. After a few years of lacklustre activity in the spectrum of consumer products, I believe Microsoft is finding its way again, so this is an exciting time to join the organization.

TopTalent: Which companies did you get an offer from apart from Microsoft, Redmond?

Prashanth: I received an offer only from Microsoft Redmond. I was interviewed by Google MTV (Mountain View), Epic Systems Wisconsin and Oracle California besides Microsoft Redmond. My interviews with Oracle were left incomplete due to lack of time. Although I had excellent interviews with Epic Systems, I asked the HR to not extend an offer to me as I was uncomfortable with the fact that they had an office only in the US, and therefore being unlucky in the H1B-visa lottery would make the job offer worthless for at least a year.

TopTalent: Can you give us a brief account of what you felt was the toughest interview?

Prashanth: I think toughness of an interview is subjective to a certain extent. Having said that, the toughest interview for me was undoubtedly the final interview for Google MTV. They asked me a challenging set of questions, mostly open-ended. Overall, I would say Google had the toughest interviews.

TopTalent: What was your preparation strategy?

Prashanth: Preparation aimed specifically towards interviews was done in the 3-4 months leading up to the placement season. Apart from the resources I consulted, I also asked a couple of friends to suggest problems to think about during my free time. Whenever I encountered an algorithmic problem, I would try my best to solve it without consulting the web or a friend. Then I would code it up, since fast coding is often a great advantage during placement interviews.

TopTalent: What resources did you consult? Where did you practice problems from?

Prashanth: I read a few chapters from “Cracking the Coding Interview” by Gayle Laakmann McDowell, which I would suggest as a first resource for anyone appearing for a coding interview. Besides the book, I used to look up online resources like GeeksforGeeks and Leetcode from time to time. The tutorials at topcoder are also a fine resource. For a couple of years, I had been solving problems from codechef, codeforces and topcoder sporadically out of interest which helped me break into the mindset of an algorithmic problem solver.

TopTalent: What kind of skills do you think helped you getting this job?

Prashanth: The obvious answer is, first and foremost, algorithmic problem solving skills. Additionally, I was working, at that time, on two significant, interesting projects which I was very enthusiastic about, and spoke enthusiastically about them to my interviewers which I believe was a non-trivial factor in creating a favorable impression.

TopTalent: What is your advice to students who are aiming for similar placement offers as yours?

Prashanth: For the interview questions, practice a lot of problems and don’t feel lazy to practice writing code. In my case, the interviewers (from Microsoft and Google) were very interested to hear about the research work that I had carried out and was planning to pursue in my final semester. I would advise students to take an initiative to undertake projects that interest them, because it will give you an edge in the interviews.

TopTalent: What should one keep in mind while preparing a resume?

Prashanth: I spent a considerable amount of time preparing my resume. My rule of thumb was to not exceed 2 pages. It is always a good idea to scrutinize your resume from the perspective of an interviewer and ask yourself how you can make it better, more concise, more appealing. Never claim to know something you don’t. Do not be afraid to deviate from a fixed resume template (that your institute might suggest, for example) if you feel a different arrangement represents your case better. Advertise your achievements and projects well, and be thoroughly prepared to answer questions on every point mentioned in your resume.

TopTalent: Please add other details that you want our readers to know.

Prashanth: I want to emphasize a couple of points. First, always remember that the company you are interviewing for wants to hire you as much as you want a job offer from them. Remembering this simple fact helps in maintaining confidence and avoiding panic during the interviews. Second, never try to deceive the interviewer. Try to be as honest as possible and if you do not know something, admitting it is far better than any alternative.

This article is powered by TopTalent.in - A high end Job portal for students and alumni of Premier Colleges in India. Sign up now for free exclusive access to top notch jobs in India and abroad.

If you like Fuzzyprograms.com and would like to contribute, you can also write an article and mail your article to programart2014@gmail.com.

A Brief History Of Programming Languages

Hi friends, in this Info-graphic I will show you A Brief History Of Programming Languages.

In a world of increasing inter-connectivity, programming languages form the foundation. Did you know that the first programming language is over 100 years.

History Of Programming Language

 

Computer Programming Enable users to Write Programs for Specific algorithms. The first computer codes were specialized for their applications. In the first decades of the 20th century, numerical calculations were based on decimal numbers.

Recommended: Info-graphic - The “World Of Programming”

In addition to outlining the history of languages and how each is traditionally used, you’ll find information on what type of vulnerabilities are most common in programs developed in each language and which flaws are most typically fixed once discovered.

Did You Know There are 256 Programming Languages but we are know some programming languages(Like Python,C language,Java etc) that we are using regularly and useful languages. Look out on the below Info-graphic for History of Programming Language. 

                                            History Of Programming Languages [Info-Graphic] 

              

Nine Tips for Secure Programming

• Ensure that sensitive data is properly encoded and encrypted
• Validate all input and output
• Implement comprehensive yet realistic security policies
• Use passwords and session management practices to verify users
• Write code that is free of hardcoded credentials or cryptographic
• Store data securely
• Write code that is capable of handling exceptions (errors) securely
•  Always check for OWASP Top Ten vulnerabilities
•  Use access control and permissions to protect resources and limit application/user capabilities

Enjoy A Brief History of Programming Languages and Share if you Like and Don’t forget to comment below what you are thinking about this programming languages Info-graphic.

E Balaguruswamy Object Oriented Programming With C++ Free E-book

Hello Friends, Today I am going to share  a book that helped me a lot in learning C++ programming. So the name of book is Object Oriented Programming With C++ which is written by E Balaguruswamy. He has written many other popular books about programming languages like C and Java.

Actually I have started my programming journey from this book and I highly recommend beginners to start learning from it.

Here Is The Download Link:

Object-Oriented Programming With C++
Author :E Balaguruswamy

Download Link

 Contents:

•  Principles of Object-Oriented Programming
• Beginning with C++
• Tokens, Expressions and Control Structures
•  Functions in C++
•  Classes and Objects
•  Constructors and Destructors
•  Operator Overloading and Type Conversions
•   Inheritance: Extending Classes
•   Pointers, Virtual Functions and Polymorphism
•   Managing Console I/O Operations
•  Working with Files
•  Templates
•  Exception Handling
•  Introduction to the Standard Template Library
•  Manipulating Strings
•  New Features of ANSI C++ Standard
•  Object-Oriented Systems Development

You May Also LIKE This One: Collection: $350+

                              Download E-book For Free (100%) ~Programming Language

[TopTalent.in] Top College: No, Top Talent: Yes ; Anudeep cracks Google with a 1.44Cr Package

Anudeep Nekkanti embodies the old adage – there is no substitute for talent. The 21-year-old coder from Samalkot (a small town near Vishkhapatnam) has landed an offer from Google, Zurich with a package of Rs 1.44 crores and additional perks including relocation and travel.

       

What makes Anudeep’s feat commendable is that he was not placed out of the cream colleges of the country. No he is not an IITian, NITian or BITSian! A B.Tech student in computer science from Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technological Science, Vishakapatnam, he considers his preparation and performance in programing competitions the reason for his success at cracking the google interview process.

We at toptalent.in had the opportunity to interact and pick Anudeep’s brain to gain valuable insights into developing the right skills to be successful at getting recruited at Google.

Toptalent: How do you feel on achieving this rare feat?

Anudeep: It always feels great to achieve something rare. I was happy after knowing about it, but the real joy was after knowing how much my parents and well-wishers enjoyed the news. There is a lot of hype about being Googler, excited to see what it is really. Also excited about Zurich and Swiss chocolates

Toptalent: What made you chose your particular college and course?

Anudeep: I did not know about IIT-JEE or AIEEE. I did not dream about joining particular college. I almost never took decisions back then. My dad is cool, he does not believes that education is everything and he did not want me to only concentrate on studies. So, when joining 11th standard, he asked me if I want to opt for JEE training. Not knowing what it is, my initial answer was yes but then he realised that I had no knowledge of what I was getting into and made me change my mind, and I am grateful to him for that.

My EAMCET (State board common entrance test) rank was in the seven thousands. I had never lived outside of my town. So I wanted to stay away in a city and study, at the same time I did not want it to be too far from my home. Visakhapatnam was the best choice.

Initially I was supposed to take Electronics. My sister, who had finished B.Tech in computer science by then told me “CS is easy, you can start preparation one day before exams and clear them”. Well, I was looking to enjoy a lot in engineering and this line was perfect! It had so much impact. I just decided to take Computer science. It turned out to be one of the best decisions I have taken. CS is not easy, it is fun!

TopTalent: How many interviews were held in all?

Anudeep: Telephonic Interview initially. Then six onsite interviews at Google Hyderabad, then manager interviews.

Toptalent: Can you give us a brief account of what you felt was the toughest interview?

Anudeep: Hard to pick a single interview. Of the eight rounds I had with Google, couple of them were tough, one of those rounds lasted two hours on a single question.

Toptalent: What was your preparation strategy?

Anudeep: I did not prepare on anything specific for Google interview, I knew that my strength is algorithms and data structures. I did not want to read about other topics only for the purpose of job. I was hoping that only algo related stuff was asked. I was lucky with Google, all my interviews, all the questions were related to algorithms, data structures and programming.

Toptalent: What kind of skills do you think helped you getting this job?

Anudeep: It is competitive programming. I should say I was lucky about it. It is true that majority of hiring is biased towards competitive programming. One can clear these interviews by having good knowledge only about algorithms and data structures. Open source contributions, projects and machine learning are 3 other skills I would list.

Toptalent: Tell us a bit about competitive programming and how you became good at it.

Anudeep: It is similar to any other sport. One need to have a lot of interest to perform. One need to put a lot of effort to top. We say someone is ‘out of form’ or ‘in form’ in sports, true for competitive programming too, you need to keep doing them to be in good touch. And most importantly, at some point of time you realize that ‘This sport is not correct for me’, it can be true with programming too, and when this happens do not hang on to it, move on there are lot more things to do. How did I become good at it? I played it a lot. Concentrated practice is all that matters.

Toptalent: What resources did you consult? Where did you practice problems from?

Anudeep: Firstly, I solved about 300 problems on SPOJ (Sphere Online Judge). I came to know about online judge for the first time in 2012 Jan. That was because of IOPC (programming contest by IIT Kanpur).

Practice was my mantra. I used to try a problem for 2-3 hours. If I didn’t get it, I looked for solutions on forums. I read few tutorials on TopCoder, but I did not know that TopCoder also has algorithm problems. I participated in following August’s long contest, I was lot better this time, I could solve 7 problems. Ended 35th in Global ranking.

With this limited exposure to programming I went to participate in ACM ICPC Regionals. I could solve 4 problems there at onsite. I then understood that knowing how to solve is not enough, it is the ability to think and code fast is more important.

By August end I solved about a hundred and eighty 500 pointers. I slowly started to think dynamically. By then I was able to solve four out of five problems. Now I am quite comfortable with 500 pointers. So, to conclude all that matters is sheer practice.

Programming is fun, programming is easy. My failure at IOPC 2012 made me start it. I thought, I will do well in IOPC 2013 and stop programming. That is how I started it. Very soon I started to like it, then I got addicted to it. I enjoy the feel that I get when I see “Accepted”. That awesome green color. My heart beat raises whenever I submit a solution. I get goosebumps. It was that fun that kept me going. Don’t do it, Play it. Enjoy it, it is a fun game. After 21 months, I am still deeply in love with it. Right now I am preparing for world finals. I am doing problems from various on-line judges like Topcoder, Codechef, Codeforces.

Toptalent: Were grades a factor in you getting selected?

Anudeep: No. I did not mention much about my grades in my CV. My CV only says B.Tech 4th year, 8 CGPA till date.

Toptalent: Tell us more about your final location choice, Zurich?

Anudeep: I had to risk my job for Zurich. I was initially offered London, Bangalore and then Hyderabad. I told I do not want to take those position, and was in a situation of being completely rejected by Google. But I was okay with that too so I told no to those 3 positions. 70 days after my onsite interview I was finally given Zurich.

Toptalent: Whats your advice to students who are aiming for similar placement offers as yours?

Anudeep: I see that a lot of Indians are putting a lot of effort into competitive programming (mainly for placement offers) with not so good results. Trust me, do it with complete concentration for a month, by then you will exactly know if you have to continue in this field or not. If you feel you should not continue, stop it, do not hang on to it hoping for offers. Use your time on other stuff.

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Top 10 Computer Programmers In The World History

A programmer is a person who can create and modify computer programs. No matter what type of programmer one may be, each and every contributes something to the society, no matter how trivial. Yet, there are those few who have contributed beyond what a single programmer usually does in an entire lifetime.

Programmers are Computer enthusiasts, who communicate with Computer system by writing codes, And they develop software for Computer. A programmer is also known as Coder, Developer and Software engineer.                                                            

I have written before about faces behind popular programming languages and all seemed geeks of their times! (and their time hasn’t yet passed!). So how much money do programmers make? Or to be specific, top programmers? the ones who created programming languages or used it to achieve phenomenal success (like Google). Here is a list of 10 persons who made great bucks in the Programming world.

Here is a list of world's best programmers around the world who changed computer era by developing computer software, programs and also operating system.

 

Larry Page

                                                              

Co Founder of
Google
and 6th richest in America and 27th Richest Billionaire in the World (Forbes)

Sergey Brin

                                  

Co Founder of
Google
and 28th Richest Billionaire in the World (Forbes)

 

Tim Berners Lee

                                 

(Most influential but not as wealthy as Googlers)

Claim to fame: Creator of WorldWideWeb!

                                                Also Read:  History Of C Language

Matt MullenWeg

                                                     

Creator of the most popular OpenSource Blogging platform Wordpress. He is 27 now.

Rasmus Lerdorf

                                 

Creator of the language that runs 34% of websites today!

James Gosling

                                                                                         

Claim to Influence: Creator of Java

               Download E-book For Free (100%) ~Programming Language : Click Here

Linus Torvalds

                                                         

Creator of the popular OpenSource OS Linux 

Dennis Ritchie

                                                     

Creator of C Language and key Developer of UNIX OS


 

Bjarne Stroustrup

                               

Claim to Fame & Influence: Creator of C++


 

Bram Cohen

                              

Creator of torrent P2P protocol. Thanks to him for millions of pirated downloads!

NOTE:

Which of the above mentioned greatest programmers of all time has influenced you the most? Share your thoughts with us in the comments section below!

Swapping Of Two Number

Swapping of two numbers means exchange the values of two variables with each other.You can take a example:
Variable var1 contains 40 and Variable var2 contains 30
then After swapping
Variable var1 contains 30 and Variable var2 contains 40.

Also Read: Quine - Print its own Source Code as Output
Also Read: C++ Program To Implements Snake and Ladder Game ( Graphics )

Example: Suppose we have three glass X, Y, Temp. Glass X contain 50, Glass Y contain 100 and Glass Temp is empty now we want to interchange these two glass (X, Y) value. So we follow The steps...

    First we take Glass X and there values place inside Glass Temp
    Now Glass X is empty, take Glass Y and there values place inside Glass X.
    Now Glass Y is empty, take Glass Temp and there values place inside Glass Y   
Finally Both Glass values are exchange, Glass X contain 100 and Glass Y contain 50.

Swap two numbers using third variables

Source Code

#include< stdio.h>
#include< conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
clrscr();
printf("Enter value of a:= ");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf("Enter value of b:= ");
scanf("%d",&b);
c=a;
a=b;
b=c;
printf("After swap a=: %d b=: %d",a,b);
getch();
}

Output

                    

Swap two numbers without using third variable

Source Code

#include< stdio.h>
#include< conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b;
clrscr();
printf("Enter value of a:= ");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf("Enter value of b:= ");
scanf("%d",&b);
a=a+b;
b=a-b;
a=a-b;
printf("After swap \na=: %d\nb=: %d",a,b);
getch();
}

Output

                     

Swap two numbers using Pointers

Source Code

#include< stdio.h>
#include< conio.h>
int main()
{
  int x,y,*b,*a,temp;
  clrscr();
  printf("Enter any two number : ");
  scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
  printf("Before swaping : x= %d and y=%d\n",x,y);
  a = &x;
  b = &y;
  temp = *a;
  *a = *b;
  *b = temp;
  printf("After swaping : x= %d and y=%d\n",x,y);
  getch();
}

Output

Enter any two number : 10 20
Before Swaping : x=10 and y=20
After swaping : x=20 and y=10

Swap two numbers using call by Reference

Source Code

#include< stdio.h>
#include< conio.h>
int main()
{
  int x,y,*b,*a,temp;
  clrscr();
  printf("Enter any two number : ");
  scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
  swap(&x, &y);
  printf("Before swaping : x= %d and y=%d\n",x,y);
 }
 void swap(int *a, int *y)
 {
  int temp;
  temp = *a;
  *a = *b;
  *b = temp;
  printf("After swaping : x= %d and y=%d\n",x,y);
  getch();
}

Output

Enter any two number : 30 20
Before Swaping : x=30 and y=20
After swaping : x=20 and y=30

Swap two numbers using Bitwise XOR

Source Code

#include< stdio.h>
#include< conio.h>
int main()
{
  int x, y;
  clrscr();
  printf("Enter any two number : ");
  scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
  printf("Before swaping : x= %d and y=%d\n",x,y);
  x = x ^ y;
  y = x ^ y;
  x = x ^ y;
  printf("After swaping : x= %d and y=%d\n",x,y);
  getch();
}

Output

Enter any two number : 4 5
Before Swaping : x=4 and y=5
After swaping : x=5 and y=4

C program that won’t compile in C++

Although C++ is designed to have backward compatibility with C there can be many C programs that would produce compiler error when compiled with a C++ compiler. Following are some of them.

1) In C++, it is a compiler error to call a function before it is declared. But in C, it may compile

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

   foo(); // foo() is called before its declaration/definition

}

int foo()

{

   printf("Hello");

   return 0;

} 

2) In C++, it is compiler error to make a normal pointer to point a const variable, but it is allowed in C.

#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

    int const j = 20;

    /* The below assignment is invalid in C++, results in error

       In C, the compiler *may* throw a warning, but casting is

       implicitly allowed */

    int *ptr = &j;  // A normal pointer points to const

    printf("*ptr: %d\n", *ptr);

    return 0;

}

3) In C, a void pointer can directly be assigned to some other pointer like int *, char *. But in C++, a void pointer must be explicitly typcasted.

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

    void *vptr;

    int *iptr = vptr; // In C++, it must be replaced with int *iptr = (int *)vptr;

    return 0;

}

This is something we notice when we use malloc(). Return type of malloc() is void *. In C++, we must explicitly typecast return value of malloc() to appropriate type, e.g., “int *p = (void *)malloc(sizeof(int))”. In C, typecasting is not necessary.

4) This is the worst answer among all, but still a valid answer. We can use one of the C++ specific keywords as variable names. The program won’t compile in C++, but would compiler in C.

#include<stdio.h>
 
int main(void)
{
    int new = 5;  // new is a keyword in C++, but not in C
    printf("%d", new);
}

Similarly, we can use other keywords like delete, explicit, class, .. etc.

Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above

Did You Know You Can Also Print "Hello World" Without Using Semicolon

Generally when we use printf("") statement, we have to use a semicolon at the end. If printf is used inside an if Condition, semicolon can be avoided.

Yes, You can see the example.

Source Code

 #include<stdio.h> 
 int main(){ 
 //printf returns the length of string being printed 
 if (printf("Hello World\n")) //prints Hello World and returns 11 
 { 
 //do nothing 
 } 
 return 0; 
 } 
   

Output

Explanation:

The if statement checks for condition whether the return value of printf("He llo World") is greater than 0. printf function returns the length of the string printed. Hence the statement if (printf("H ello World")) prints the string "Hello World".

You may also like:

* Draw a Bouncing Ball on Surface using C++ Graphics 

* C++ Program To Implements Snake and Ladder Game ( Graphics )